Are all bots bad?
No. Search crawlers, monitoring systems and other automated access can be legitimate. Context, purpose and whether advertising value or billing is affected are decisive.
BOT TRAFFIC
Bot Traffic is a signal. Not yet a diagnosis.
Automated traffic can be legitimate, unwanted or fraudulent. A robust analysis therefore separates bot detection, IVT classification and economically relevant Ad Fraud. H.O.T. AG examines additional signals and context before turning a technical anomaly into an action recommendation.
Can a bot rate be read directly as an Ad Fraud rate?
No. Bot Traffic, IVT and Ad Fraud operate at different levels. They can overlap but should not be methodologically equated.
How is human traffic assessed?
Not by one attribute, but through multiple technical and behavioral signals and their consistency. Browser, device, rendering, timing, interaction and traffic-source signals can together create a more plausible picture.
What matters with legitimate crawlers?
A legitimate crawler may be technically identifiable on a website but it is not a valuable human advertising contact. Media-quality analysis therefore asks whether automated traffic enters billing, reach or optimization models.
Why are device fingerprints alone insufficient proof?
Fingerprint attributes can also be modified or emulated. Forensics therefore examines consistency between device, browser, GPU, rendering, events and behavior rather than blindly trusting one identifier.
NEXT STEP
A concrete task is the best starting point.
We define mandate, scope and responsibilities before the project begins – and clarify whether H.O.T. AG is needed as media consultant or independent audit function.